SFCM 10/11 24: STRUCTURAL HYBRID MATERIALS FOR TOWERS IN WIND ENERGY CONVERTERS: MALECON

XUN MENG OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA, QINGDAO (CHINA) Composite materials are widely becoming the choices for many structural applications especially in navigation fields and offshore oil & gas industry, driven by lightweight and corrosion resistance compared to traditional metal. Until recently, interest has focused on the use of composites in structures for offshore wind turbines (OWT). The prospect of deep-water exploration and multi-MW turbine's application is generating a new impetus for high performance material. Engineers aim at using material with a maximum of efficiency, that is to increase the bearing capability and if possible saving weights and cost simultaneously. MALECON is a patented hybrid material of ETS Ingenieros Navales (UPM), which stands for 'Material Laminado Estructural para Construcción Naval'. It is a new fiber-metal hybrid material developed specifically for marine industry applications. We present the current development of OWT exploration by focusing on the supporting structures. Physical properties and detailed configuration of MALECON are given here. We have also calculated various models as benchmarking examples with MALECON using specific software for the analysis and design of composite laminated structures. Several improved parameters are put forward in order to evaluate the performance of this new material for structural use. Results show that within certain limits and with optimal configuration, MALECON is efficient both from the point ...



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Evolution - Selection In Action 6of6

The products of natural, and human, selection are all around us. Humans have transformed wild plants into useful crops by selective breeding. Human selection has also produced pets and other domesticated animals with sizes and shapes very different from their wild ancestors. Controlled genetic crosses can be used to identify and locate the genes responsible for artificial selection in domesticated species. Genetic crosses in maize and dogs, for example, suggest that relatively few genetic changes are needed to dramatically transform the shape and structure of plants and animals. Natural selection in wild populations can also generate amazing diversity in a surprisingly short amount of time. Ocean stickleback fish, for example, colonized numerous freshwater streams and lakes produced by retreating glaciers after the last ice age. Differential survival and reproduction under natural selection have generated dramatic changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior as the fish adapted to different food sources, predators, and water conditions. How does nature convert a marine ancestor into diverse freshwater forms? Once again, genetic studies suggest that major evolutionary changes are controlled by a few key genes. Further study of such genes will provide a molecular portrait of how plants and animals have been transformed by artificial and natural selection. www.hhmi.org http



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